To view them, increase the verbosity level by using mysqlbinlog's --verbose option twice, either as -vv or --verbose --verbose. The size of the memory buffer for the binary log to hold nontransactional statements issued during a transaction.

If the data for the nontransactional statements used in the transaction exceeds the space in the memory buffer, the excess data is stored in a temporary file.

After each transaction is committed, the binary log statement cache is reset by clearing the memory buffer and truncating the temporary file if used. If you often use large nontransactional statements during transactions, you can increase this cache size to get better performance by reducing or eliminating the need to write to temporary files.

Enables compression for transactions that are written to binary log files on this server. Compressed transaction payloads remain in a compressed state while they are sent in the replication stream to replicas, other Group Replication group members, or clients such as mysqlbinlog , and are written to the relay log still in their compressed state. Binary log transaction compression therefore saves storage space both on the originator of the transaction and on the recipient and for their backups , and saves network bandwidth when the transactions are sent between server instances.

When a MySQL server instance has no binary log, if it is at a release from MySQL 8. Compressed transaction payloads received by such server instances are written in their compressed state to the relay log, so they benefit indirectly from compression carried out by other servers in the replication topology. This system variable cannot be changed within the context of a transaction.

For more information on binary log transaction compression, including details of what events are and are not compressed, and changes in behavior when transaction compression is in use, see Section 5. Prior to NDB 8. In NDB 8. See the description of the variable for further information. The value is an integer that determines the compression effort, from 1 the lowest effort to 22 the highest effort.

If you do not specify this system variable, the compression level is set to 3. As the compression level increases, the data compression ratio increases, which reduces the storage space and network bandwidth required for the transaction payload.

However, the effort required for data compression also increases, taking time and CPU and memory resources on the originating server. Increases in the compression effort do not have a linear relationship to increases in the data compression ratio. This variable has no effect on logging of transactions on NDB tables; in NDB Cluster 8.

The dependency information written by the replication source is represented using logical timestamps. There are two logical timestamps, listed here, for each transaction:. The numbering restarts with 1 in each binary log file. Available choices are listed here:. This the default. The commit-time window begins immediately following the execution of the last statement of the transaction, and ends immediately after the storage engine commit ends.

Since transactions hold all row locks between these two points in time, we know that they cannot update the same rows. Each row in the transaction adds a set of one or more hashes to the transaction's write set, one of each unique key in the row.

If there are no unique, nonnullable keys, a hash of the row is used. This includes both deleted and inserted rows; for updated rows, both the old and the new row are also included. Two transactions are considered conflicting if their write sets overlap—that is, if there is some number hash that occurs in the write sets of both transactions.

In addition, due to the way the write sets are computed, there are periodic serialization points, such that the write set computation process regards every transaction after a serialization point as conflicting with every transaction before the serialization point.

Serialization points affect only dependencies computed by the WRITESET algorithm; transactions on opposite sides of the serialization point may have overlapping commit-time windows, and so can be parallelized on replica in spite of this. The transactions are dependent according to WRITESET. The transactions were committed in the same user session. Any change in the value does not take effect for replicated transactions until after the replica has been stopped and restarted with STOP REPLICA and START REPLICA.

The dependency information in those logs is used to assist the process of state transfer from a donor's binary log for distributed recovery, which takes place whenever a member joins or rejoins the group. Sets an upper limit on the number of row hashes which are kept in memory and used for looking up the transaction that last modified a given row. Once this number of hashes has been reached, the history is purged.

Specifies the number of days before automatic removal of binary log files. If you do not set a value for either system variable, the default expiration period is 30 days. A warning message is issued in this situation. Shows the status of binary logging on the server, either enabled ON or disabled OFF. ON means that the binary log is available, OFF means that it is not in use. The --log-bin option can be used to specify a base name and location for the binary log.

Holds the base name and path for the binary log files, which can be set with the --log-bin server option. The maximum variable length is For compatibility with MySQL 5.

The default location is the data directory. Holds the base name and path for the binary log index file, which can be set with the --log-bin-index server option. This variable applies when binary logging is enabled.

It controls whether stored function creators can be trusted not to create stored functions that may cause unsafe events to be written to the binary log. If set to 0 the default , users are not permitted to create or alter stored functions unless they have the SUPER privilege in addition to the CREATE ROUTINE or ALTER ROUTINE privilege. If the variable is set to 1, MySQL does not enforce these restrictions on stored function creation. This variable also applies to trigger creation. This read-only system variable is deprecated.

Setting the system variable to ON at server startup enabled row-based replication with replicas running MySQL Server 5. In releases before MySQL 8. Enabling this variable causes the replica to write the updates that are received from a source and performed by the replication SQL thread to the replica's own binary log. Binary logging, which is controlled by the --log-bin option and is enabled by default, must also be enabled on the replica for updates to be logged.

For example, you might want to set up replication servers using this arrangement:. Here, A serves as the source for the replica B , and B serves as the source for the replica C. For this to work, B must be both a source and a replica. If error is encountered, controls whether the generated warnings are added to the error log or not. The minimum value is The maximum possible value is 16EiB exbibytes. The maximum recommended value is 4GB; this is due to the fact that MySQL currently cannot work with binary log positions greater than 4GB.

If a write to the binary log causes the current log file size to exceed the value of this variable, the server rotates the binary logs closes the current file and opens the next one. The minimum value is bytes. The maximum and default value is 1GB. A transaction is written in one chunk to the binary log, so it is never split between several binary logs. If nontransactional statements within a transaction require more than this many bytes of memory, the server generates an error.

The maximum and default values are 4GB on bit platforms and 16EB exabytes on bit platforms. For internal use by replication. When re-executing a transaction on a replica, this is set to the time when the transaction was committed on the original source, measured in microseconds since the epoch. This allows the original commit timestamp to be propagated throughout a replication topology.

However, note that the variable is not intended for users to set; it is set automatically by the replication infrastructure. This variable controls whether logging to the binary log is enabled for the current session assuming that the binary log itself is enabled. The default value is ON. Set this variable to OFF for a session to temporarily disable binary logging while making changes to the source you do not want replicated to the replica.

Setting this variable to OFF prevents GTIDs from being assigned to transactions in the binary log. If you are using GTIDs for replication, this means that even when binary logging is later enabled again, the GTIDs written into the log from this point do not account for any transactions that occurred in the meantime, so in effect those transactions are lost. Controls how often the MySQL server synchronizes the binary log to disk. Instead, the MySQL server relies on the operating system to flush the binary log to disk from time to time as it does for any other file.

This setting provides the best performance, but in the event of a power failure or operating system crash, it is possible that the server has committed transactions that have not been synchronized to the binary log. This is the safest setting but can have a negative impact on performance due to the increased number of disk writes. In the event of a power failure or operating system crash, transactions that are missing from the binary log are only in a prepared state.

This permits the automatic recovery routine to roll back the transactions, which guarantees that no transaction is lost from the binary log. In the event of a power failure or operating system crash, it is possible that the server has committed transactions that have not been flushed to the binary log.

This setting can have a negative impact on performance due to the increased number of disk writes. A higher value improves performance, but with an increased risk of data loss. For the greatest possible durability and consistency in a replication setup that uses InnoDB with transactions, use these settings:.

Many operating systems and some disk hardware fool the flush-to-disk operation. They may tell mysqld that the flush has taken place, even though it has not. In this case, the durability of transactions is not guaranteed even with the recommended settings, and in the worst case, a power outage can corrupt InnoDB data. Using a battery-backed disk cache in the SCSI disk controller or in the disk itself speeds up file flushes, and makes the operation safer.

You can also try to disable the caching of disk writes in hardware caches. This system variable specifies the algorithm used to hash the writes extracted during a transaction. The default is XXHASH OFF means that write sets are not collected. The XXHASH64 setting is required for Group Replication, where the process of extracting the writes from a transaction is used for conflict detection and certification on all group members see Section If you change the value, the new value does not take effect on replicated transactions until after the replica has been stopped and restarted with STOP REPLICA and START REPLICA.

Documentation Home MySQL 8. MySQL Server Administration. The InnoDB Storage Engine. Configuring Replication. Binary Log File Position Based Replication Configuration Overview. Setting Up Binary Log File Position Based Replication. Setting the Replication Source Configuration. Setting the Replica Configuration. Creating a User for Replication. Obtaining the Replication Source Binary Log Coordinates.

Choosing a Method for Data Snapshots. Setting Up Replicas. Setting the Source Configuration on the Replica. Adding Replicas to a Replication Environment. Replication with Global Transaction Identifiers.

GTID Format and Storage. GTID Auto-Positioning. Setting Up Replication Using GTIDs. Using GTIDs for Failover and Scaleout.

Replication From a Source Without GTIDs to a Replica With GTIDs. Restrictions on Replication with GTIDs. Stored Function Examples to Manipulate GTIDs. Changing GTID Mode on Online Servers. Replication Mode Concepts. Enabling GTID Transactions Online. Disabling GTID Transactions Online. Verifying Replication of Anonymous Transactions. MySQL Multi-Source Replication. Configuring Multi-Source Replication. Provisioning a Multi-Source Replica for GTID-Based Replication.

Adding GTID-Based Sources to a Multi-Source Replica. Adding Binary Log Based Replication Sources to a Multi-Source Replica. Starting Multi-Source Replicas. Stopping Multi-Source Replicas. Resetting Multi-Source Replicas.

Monitoring Multi-Source Replication. Replication and Binary Logging Options and Variables. Replication and Binary Logging Option and Variable Reference.

Replication Source Options and Variables. Replica Server Options and Variables. Binary Logging Options and Variables. Global Transaction ID System Variables. Common Replication Administration Tasks. Checking Replication Status. Pausing Replication on the Replica. Skipping Transactions. Replication Implementation. Advantages and Disadvantages of Statement-Based and Row-Based Replication.

Usage of Row-Based Logging and Replication. Determination of Safe and Unsafe Statements in Binary Logging. Commands for Operations on a Single Channel. Compatibility with Previous Replication Statements. Startup Options and Replication Channels. Replication Channel Naming Conventions.

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pause websocket. ping [data[, mask]][, callback] websocket. pong [data[, mask]][, callback] websocket. protocol websocket. resume websocket. readyState websocket. removeEventListener type, listener websocket. send data[, options][, callback] websocket.

terminate websocket. Raw Blame. Edit this file. Open with Desktop View raw View blame. It extends the EventEmitter. new WebSocketServer options[, callback] options {Object} backlog {Number} The maximum length of the queue of pending connections.

clientTracking {Boolean} Specifies whether or not to track clients. handleProtocols {Function} A function which can be used to handle the WebSocket subprotocols. See description below. host {String} The hostname where to bind the server. maxPayload {Number} The maximum allowed message size in bytes. Defaults to MiB bytes. noServer {Boolean} Enable no server mode. path {String} Accept only connections matching this path. port {Number} The port where to bind the server.

server {http. Server https. Server} A pre-created Node. skipUTF8Validation {Boolean} Specifies whether or not to skip UTF-8 validation for text and close messages. Defaults to false. Set to true only if clients are trusted. verifyClient {Function} A function which can be used to validate incoming connections. Usage is discouraged: see Issue WebSocket {Function} Specifies the WebSocket class to be used.

It must be extended from the original WebSocket. Defaults to WebSocket. callback {Function} Create a new server instance. If it has a single parameter then ws will invoke it with the following argument: info {Object} origin {String} The value in the Origin header indicated by the client. req {http. IncomingMessage} The client HTTP GET request. secure {Boolean} true if req. authorized or req. encrypted is set. If verifyClient has two parameters then ws will invoke it with the following arguments: info {Object} Same as above.

cb {Function} A callback that must be called by the user upon inspection of the info fields. Arguments in this callback are: result {Boolean} Whether or not to accept the handshake. code {Number} When result is false this field determines the HTTP error status code to be sent to the client. name {String} When result is false this field determines the HTTP reason phrase. headers {Object} When result is false this field determines additional HTTP headers to be sent to the client.

For example, { 'Retry-After': }. handleProtocols takes two arguments: protocols {Set} The list of WebSocket subprotocols indicated by the client in the Sec-WebSocket-Protocol header. request {http. If an object is provided then that is extension parameters: serverNoContextTakeover {Boolean} Whether to use context takeover or not.

clientNoContextTakeover {Boolean} Acknowledge disabling of client context takeover. serverMaxWindowBits {Number} The value of windowBits.

clientMaxWindowBits {Number} Request a custom client window size. zlibDeflateOptions {Object} Additional options to pass to zlib on deflate. zlibInflateOptions {Object} Additional options to pass to zlib on inflate. threshold {Number} Payloads smaller than this will not be compressed if context takeover is disabled.

Defaults to bytes. concurrencyLimit {Number} The number of concurrent calls to zlib. Calls above this limit will be queued. Default You usually won't need to touch this option. See this issue for more details. Event: 'close' Emitted when the server closes.

Event: 'connection' websocket {WebSocket} request {http. IncomingMessage} Emitted when the handshake is complete. Event: 'error' error {Error} Emitted when an error occurs on the underlying server. Event: 'headers' headers {Array} request {http. IncomingMessage} Emitted before the response headers are written to the socket as part of the handshake. Event: 'listening' Emitted when the underlying server has been bound.

Event: 'wsClientError' error {Error} socket {net. Socket tls. Socket} request {http. IncomingMessage} Emitted when an error occurs before the WebSocket connection is established. address Returns an object with port , family , and address properties specifying the bound address, the address family name, and port of the server as reported by the operating system if listening on an IP socket.

clients {Set} A set that stores all connected clients. close [callback] Prevent the server from accepting new connections and close the HTTP server if created internally. handleUpgrade request, socket, head, callback request {http. socket {net. Socket} The network socket between the server and client. head {Buffer} The first packet of the upgraded stream.

callback {Function}. If the upgrade is successful, the callback is called with two arguments: websocket {WebSocket} A WebSocket object. shouldHandle request request {http. This method can be overridden when a custom handling logic is required.

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Configurable with Magic Keyboard with Touch ID and Numeric Keypad. Sets an upper limit on the number of row hashes which are kept in memory and used for looking up the transaction that last modified a given row. Exception : In NDB Cluster, the default is MIXED ; statement-based replication is not supported for NDB Cluster. This option is used internally by the MySQL test suite for replication testing and debugging. Replication Metadata Repositories. For the before image, it is necessary only that the minimum set of columns required to uniquely identify rows is logged.

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